Welcome to Open Gateway Tamil - Learn English Grammar
1. Parts of Speech
Every sentence is built using 8 parts of speech:
- Noun: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., John, Chennai, table, happiness).
- Pronoun: Replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it, they).
- Verb: Action or state (e.g., run, eat, is, are).
- Adjective: Describes a noun (e.g., beautiful, tall, red).
- Adverb: Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., quickly, very, silently).
- Preposition: Shows the relationship between a noun and another word (e.g., on, in, under).
- Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, because).
- Interjection: Expresses emotions (e.g., Oh! Wow!).
2. Sentence Structure
Basic sentence types include:
- Subject + Verb (SV): Example: She runs.
- Subject + Verb + Object (SVO): Example: He eats an apple.
- Subject + Verb + Complement (SVC): Example: The sky is blue.
3. Tenses
Tenses tell us when the action happens. Here is a comparison of Present, Past, and Future Tenses:
| Tense | Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | He plays. | He is playing. | He has played. | He has been playing. |
| Past | He played. | He was playing. | He had played. | He had been playing. |
| Future | He will play. | He will be playing. | He will have played. | He will have been playing. |
4. Active and Passive Voice
In the active voice, the subject performs the action. In the passive voice, the action is performed on the subject.
- Active: He writes a book.
- Passive: A book is written by him.
5. Articles
Articles are used to define nouns:
- Definite Article: the (specific) – Example: The sun.
- Indefinite Articles: a, an (general) – Example: A boy, An apple.
6. Modals
Modals express ability, possibility, permission, or necessity:
- Examples: Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Shall, Should, Will, Would.
7. Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb must agree with the subject in number:
- Example (Singular): He writes.
- Example (Plural): They write.
8. Prepositions
Prepositions show location, time, or movement:
- Examples: on the table, at 5 PM, to the park.
9. Conjunctions
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses:
- Coordinating: and, but, or.
- Subordinating: because, if, although.
- Correlative: either…or, neither…nor.
10. Punctuation Rules
Common punctuation marks include:
- Periods (.), Commas (,), Question Marks (?), Exclamation Marks (!), Quotation Marks (“ ”), etc.
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